The Ultimate Guide to the Boxer Diet: Fueling Champions
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction to the Boxer Diet
- 2. Importance of Nutrition in Boxing
- 3. Macronutrients: Carbs, Proteins, and Fats
- 4. Essential Vitamins and Minerals for Boxers
- 5. Hydration Strategies for Optimal Performance
- 6. Pre-Training and Post-Training Meals
- 7. Superfoods Every Boxer Should Include
- 8. Supplements to Enhance Performance and Recovery
- 9. Meal Prep Tips for Busy Boxers
- 10. Weight Management Strategies in Boxing
- 11. Common Mistakes in the Boxer Diet
- 12. Sample Meal Plans for Boxers
- 13. Testimonials from Professional Boxers
- 14. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- References
1. Introduction to the Boxer Diet
The boxer diet is essential because it provides the necessary fuel and nutrients that boxers need to perform at their highest levels. Unlike casual athletes, boxers require a meticulously planned diet to support intense training regimes, maintain optimal weight, and ensure quick recovery.
What is the Boxer Diet?
The boxer diet is a specialized nutrition plan tailored to meet the unique demands of boxing. It focuses on balancing macronutrients, ensuring adequate micronutrient intake, and timing meals to maximize energy and recovery.
Why a Specific Diet for Boxers?
Boxing is a sport that demands both strength and endurance. A well-designed boxer diet helps athletes maintain their weight class, build muscle, and sustain energy levels throughout grueling training sessions and matches.
The Role of Nutrition in Achieving Boxing Goals
Whether aiming for weight loss, muscle gain, or enhanced performance, the boxer diet provides the foundation needed to achieve these goals. Proper nutrition ensures that boxers have the stamina to train harder, the strength to deliver powerful punches, and the resilience to recover swiftly.
2. Importance of Nutrition in Boxing
The boxer diet is crucial because proper nutrition directly impacts a boxer’s performance, recovery, and overall health. Without the right diet, even the most rigorous training can be ineffective.
Enhancing Performance
Nutrition fuels training sessions, allowing boxers to train harder and longer. A balanced boxer diet ensures that athletes have the energy needed for speed, power, and endurance.
Energy Levels and Endurance
Boxers rely on both aerobic and anaerobic energy systems. Carbohydrates in the boxer diet replenish glycogen stores, providing sustained energy for long training sessions and explosive power during bouts.
Muscle Strength and Power
Proteins are vital for muscle repair and growth. A boxer diet rich in lean proteins supports muscle hypertrophy, enhancing strength and punching power.
Recovery and Injury Prevention
Post-training nutrition is vital for recovery. The boxer diet includes foods that help repair muscles, reduce inflammation, and prevent injuries, enabling boxers to bounce back quickly after intense workouts.
Reducing Muscle Soreness
Antioxidant-rich foods in the boxer diet help minimize oxidative stress, reducing muscle soreness and accelerating recovery times.
Preventing Overtraining
Proper nutrition ensures that the body receives the necessary nutrients to avoid overtraining syndrome, which can lead to decreased performance and increased injury risk.
Weight Management
Maintaining the right weight class is a fundamental aspect of boxing. The boxer diet provides strategies for effective weight management without compromising strength or performance.
Caloric Balance
Balancing caloric intake with expenditure helps boxers maintain or achieve their desired weight class. The boxer diet emphasizes nutrient-dense foods to ensure caloric needs are met without excess intake.
Body Composition
Beyond weight, the boxer diet focuses on optimizing body composition by promoting muscle mass while minimizing body fat, essential for agility and power in the ring.
3. Macronutrients: Carbs, Proteins, and Fats
The boxer diet focuses on the optimal balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats to support training and recovery.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the primary energy source for boxers. They fuel high-intensity workouts and help maintain glycogen stores in muscles.
- Complex Carbs: Whole grains, brown rice, and oats provide sustained energy.
- Simple Carbs: Fruits and certain vegetables offer quick energy boosts.
Types of Carbohydrates
The boxer diet differentiates between simple and complex carbohydrates to optimize energy release and maintain blood sugar levels.
Timing Carbohydrate Intake
Consuming carbohydrates before and after training sessions helps in fueling workouts and replenishing glycogen stores for effective recovery.
Proteins
Proteins are essential for muscle repair and growth. A boxer diet includes both animal and plant-based protein sources.
- Lean Meats: Chicken, turkey, and fish are excellent protein sources.
- Plant Proteins: Beans, lentils, and tofu provide essential amino acids.
Protein Requirements for Boxers
Boxers require higher protein intake to support muscle synthesis and repair. The boxer diet ensures adequate protein consumption tailored to individual needs.
High-Quality Protein Sources
Emphasizing high-quality protein sources in the boxer diet maximizes muscle growth and recovery, enhancing overall performance.
Fats
Healthy fats support hormone production and provide long-term energy. The boxer diet emphasizes unsaturated fats.
- Avocados: Rich in monounsaturated fats and vitamins.
- Nuts and Seeds: Provide essential fatty acids and protein.
Role of Fats in the Boxer Diet
Fats are crucial for absorbing fat-soluble vitamins and supporting cellular functions. The boxer diet includes healthy fats to maintain overall health and energy levels.
Balancing Fat Intake
While fats are essential, the boxer diet ensures they are consumed in moderation to avoid excess caloric intake, maintaining optimal body composition.
4. Essential Vitamins and Minerals for Boxers
The boxer diet ensures that athletes receive all necessary vitamins and minerals to support overall health and performance.
Vitamins
- Vitamin D: Supports bone health and immune function.
- Vitamin C: Aids in tissue repair and immune defense.
- B Vitamins: Crucial for energy metabolism.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is vital for calcium absorption, promoting strong bones essential for the physical demands of boxing. The boxer diet includes sources like fortified dairy products and exposure to sunlight.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C plays a role in collagen formation, necessary for joint and tendon health. Citrus fruits and bell peppers are excellent additions to the boxer diet for boosting Vitamin C intake.
B Vitamins
B Vitamins, including B6 and B12, are essential for energy production and red blood cell formation. Whole grains and lean meats incorporated in the boxer diet help meet these requirements.
Minerals
- Iron: Essential for oxygen transport in the blood.
- Calcium: Important for bone strength and muscle function.
- Magnesium: Helps with muscle relaxation and energy production.
Iron
Iron deficiency can lead to fatigue and decreased performance. The boxer diet includes iron-rich foods like red meat, spinach, and legumes to ensure adequate levels.
Calcium
Calcium is crucial for bone health and muscle contractions. Dairy products and leafy greens are staples in the boxer diet to maintain optimal calcium levels.
Magnesium
Magnesium supports muscle relaxation and energy production. Nuts, seeds, and whole grains in the boxer diet help meet daily magnesium needs.
Electrolytes
Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium are essential for nerve function and muscle contractions. The boxer diet includes electrolyte-rich foods and beverages to maintain balance, especially during intense training.
Sodium and Potassium Balance
Maintaining the right balance between sodium and potassium helps prevent cramps and supports hydration. The boxer diet incorporates bananas, potatoes, and sports drinks to manage electrolyte levels.
5. Hydration Strategies for Optimal Performance
The boxer diet places a significant emphasis on proper hydration to maintain peak performance and prevent dehydration.
Why Hydration Matters
Dehydration can lead to reduced performance, increased fatigue, and a higher risk of injury. The boxer diet includes strategies to ensure adequate fluid intake.
Effects of Dehydration on Performance
Even mild dehydration can impair cognitive function, reduce strength, and decrease endurance. The boxer diet prioritizes hydration to keep boxers performing at their best.
Hydration Tips
- Drink at least 3 liters of water daily.
- Incorporate electrolyte-rich beverages during intense training.
- Avoid excessive caffeine and sugary drinks.
- Monitor fluid loss through sweat and adjust intake accordingly.
Pre-Hydration
Starting the day well-hydrated sets the tone for optimal performance. The boxer diet recommends drinking a glass of water upon waking up.
During Training Hydration
Maintaining hydration during training is crucial. The boxer diet suggests sipping water regularly and using sports drinks to replenish electrolytes lost through sweat.
Post-Training Hydration
Rehydrating after training helps in recovery. The boxer diet includes hydrating beverages and foods with high water content to restore fluid balance.
Monitoring Hydration
Boxers should monitor their hydration levels by checking urine color and frequency. The boxer diet recommends staying ahead of dehydration by maintaining consistent fluid intake.
Urine Color as an Indicator
A pale yellow urine color typically indicates proper hydration, while dark urine suggests dehydration. The boxer diet encourages regular monitoring to ensure optimal hydration status.
Hydration Tracking Tools
Using hydration tracking apps or journals can help boxers keep track of their fluid intake and ensure they meet their hydration goals.
6. Pre-Training and Post-Training Meals
The boxer diet includes specific meal plans designed to optimize energy levels before training and enhance recovery afterward.
Pre-Training Nutrition
Eating the right foods before training can boost performance. The boxer diet suggests meals rich in complex carbohydrates and lean proteins.
- Whole grain toast with peanut butter and banana.
- Oatmeal topped with berries and a scoop of protein powder.
- Grilled chicken and quinoa salad.
- Smoothie with spinach, mango, and Greek yogurt.
Timing Your Pre-Training Meal
Consuming a pre-training meal 1-2 hours before workout ensures that energy levels are optimal without causing discomfort. The boxer diet emphasizes this timing for maximum benefits.
Sample Pre-Training Recipes
- Energy-Boosting Smoothie: Blend spinach, banana, almond milk, and a scoop of protein powder for a quick, nutrient-dense meal.
- Chicken and Quinoa Bowl: Combine grilled chicken, quinoa, mixed vegetables, and a light dressing for sustained energy.
Post-Training Recovery
Post-training meals focus on replenishing glycogen stores and repairing muscle tissue. The boxer diet emphasizes protein and carbohydrate combinations.
- Grilled chicken with quinoa and steamed vegetables.
- Protein smoothie with spinach, almond milk, and mixed fruits.
- Turkey and avocado wrap with whole grain tortilla.
- Salmon with sweet potatoes and broccoli.
Importance of Post-Training Nutrition
After intense training, the body requires nutrients to recover and prepare for the next session. The boxer diet ensures that post-training meals are rich in protein and carbohydrates to aid in muscle repair and glycogen replenishment.
Hydrating After Training
Along with meals, rehydrating post-training is crucial. The boxer diet recommends drinking water or electrolyte-rich beverages to restore lost fluids.
Snack Options for Between Meals
Healthy snacks support continuous energy levels and prevent overeating during main meals. The boxer diet includes options like:
- Greek yogurt with honey and nuts.
- Apple slices with almond butter.
- Hummus with carrot and celery sticks.
- Trail mix with dried fruits and seeds.
7. Superfoods Every Boxer Should Include
The boxer diet incorporates superfoods that provide high levels of nutrients to support training and overall health.
Top Superfoods for Boxers
- Blueberries: Rich in antioxidants that reduce inflammation.
- Salmon: High in omega-3 fatty acids for heart health.
- Spinach: Packed with iron and vitamins.
- Sweet Potatoes: Excellent source of complex carbohydrates.
- Almonds: Provide healthy fats and protein.
- Chia Seeds: High in fiber and omega-3s.
- Greek Yogurt: Rich in protein and probiotics.
- Quinoa: Complete protein source with all essential amino acids.
- Beets: Improve blood flow and stamina.
- Turmeric: Anti-inflammatory properties aid in recovery.
Incorporating Superfoods into the Boxer Diet
Boxers can include superfoods in their meals through smoothies, salads, and main dishes. The boxer diet encourages creativity in meal preparation to keep the diet enjoyable and nutritious.
Superfood Smoothies
Blending superfoods into smoothies is an easy way to consume multiple nutrients at once. For example, a boxer diet smoothie might include spinach, blueberries, chia seeds, and Greek yogurt.
Creative Meal Ideas
- Quinoa and Beet Salad: Combine quinoa, roasted beets, feta cheese, and a lemon-tahini dressing.
- Salmon and Sweet Potato Bowl: Serve grilled salmon with mashed sweet potatoes and steamed broccoli.
- Turmeric Chicken Stir-Fry: Cook chicken with turmeric, mixed vegetables, and brown rice.
Benefits of Superfoods in the Boxer Diet
Superfoods provide concentrated nutrients that support various aspects of a boxer’s health, including energy production, muscle recovery, and immune function. Incorporating these foods ensures that boxers receive the necessary vitamins and minerals to excel in the ring.
8. Supplements to Enhance Performance and Recovery
The boxer diet may include supplements to fill nutritional gaps and support enhanced performance.
Common Supplements for Boxers
- Whey Protein: Aids in muscle repair and growth.
- Creatine: Enhances strength and power.
- BCAAs: Support muscle recovery and reduce fatigue.
- Multivitamins: Ensure adequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals.
- Omega-3 Supplements: Support heart health and reduce inflammation.
- Glutamine: Aids in muscle recovery and immune function.
- Vitamin D: Supports bone health and immune function.
Choosing the Right Supplements
It’s important for boxers to consult with a nutritionist before adding supplements to their diet. The boxer diet emphasizes quality and evidence-based supplements to avoid unnecessary or harmful additives.
Assessing Supplement Needs
Boxers should evaluate their dietary intake and training demands to identify any nutrient deficiencies that supplements can address. The boxer diet recommends personalized supplementation based on individual needs.
Quality and Purity
Choosing high-quality supplements from reputable brands ensures safety and efficacy. The boxer diet advises checking for third-party testing and certifications when selecting supplements.
Potential Risks of Supplements
While supplements can provide benefits, they also carry potential risks such as contamination, adverse reactions, and interactions with medications. The boxer diet underscores the importance of professional guidance when incorporating supplements.
9. Meal Prep Tips for Busy Boxers
The boxer diet includes meal prep strategies to help athletes maintain a nutritious diet despite a demanding schedule.
Planning Ahead
Meal planning is key to adhering to the boxer diet. Boxers should allocate time each week to prepare meals in advance.
Creating a Weekly Meal Plan
Developing a weekly meal plan helps boxers stay organized and ensures they have access to healthy meals throughout the week. The boxer diet recommends planning breakfasts, lunches, dinners, and snacks in advance.
Grocery Shopping Tips
Creating a detailed grocery list based on the meal plan prevents impulse purchases and ensures that all necessary ingredients are available. The boxer diet suggests shopping the perimeter of the store where fresh foods are typically located.
Batch Cooking Techniques
- Cook large batches of proteins like chicken or tofu.
- Prepare grains such as brown rice or quinoa in bulk.
- Chop vegetables and store them for quick access.
- Prepare entire meals that can be easily reheated.
Efficiency in the Kitchen
Using time-saving kitchen tools like slow cookers, instant pots, and food processors can streamline the meal prep process. The boxer diet encourages using these tools to save time and effort.
Storage Solutions
Proper storage ensures that meals stay fresh and nutritious. The boxer diet recommends using airtight containers and labeling meals with dates to keep track of freshness.
Maintaining Variety
While meal prep involves preparing meals in advance, it’s important to maintain variety to prevent dietary fatigue. The boxer diet suggests rotating recipes and incorporating different flavors and ingredients each week.
Incorporating Different Cuisines
Exploring various cuisines can add excitement to the boxer diet. For example, incorporating Mediterranean, Asian, or Latin American dishes can provide diverse nutrient profiles and keep meals interesting.
Using Herbs and Spices
Enhancing meals with herbs and spices not only adds flavor but also provides additional health benefits. The boxer diet encourages using a variety of herbs and spices to elevate the nutritional value of meals.
10. Weight Management Strategies in Boxing
The boxer diet includes effective weight management strategies to help athletes maintain their desired weight class.
Calorie Counting
Tracking caloric intake is essential for weight management. The boxer diet advises boxers to calculate their daily calorie needs based on training intensity.
Determining Caloric Needs
Boxers can use online calculators or consult with nutritionists to determine their Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and adjust caloric intake based on activity levels.
Tracking Tools
Using apps or food journals helps boxers monitor their calorie intake accurately. The boxer diet recommends consistent tracking to stay aligned with weight goals.
Meal Timing
Eating at the right times can aid in weight control. The boxer diet suggests consuming smaller, frequent meals to keep metabolism active.
Intermittent Fasting
Some boxers incorporate intermittent fasting to manage weight. This involves cycling between periods of eating and fasting to optimize fat burning and metabolic health.
Spacing Meals
Spacing meals 3-4 hours apart helps maintain steady energy levels and prevents overeating. The boxer diet emphasizes regular meal times to support metabolism.
Portion Control
Managing portion sizes helps prevent overeating. The boxer diet includes tips on portioning meals to align with caloric goals.
Using Portion Control Tools
Measuring cups, food scales, and portion control plates can assist boxers in accurately managing their food intake. The boxer diet recommends these tools for consistency.
Mindful Eating
Practicing mindful eating by paying attention to hunger and fullness cues helps boxers avoid overeating. The boxer diet encourages slowing down and savoring each bite.
Healthy Snacking
Choosing nutritious snacks supports weight management. The boxer diet recommends snacks like nuts, fruits, and yogurt to stay satiated between meals.
Smart Snack Choices
Opting for high-protein and high-fiber snacks can help control hunger and reduce overall calorie intake. The boxer diet suggests options like Greek yogurt, mixed nuts, and fresh fruits.
Portion-Controlled Snacks
Pre-packaging snacks in portion-controlled containers prevents overeating and helps maintain calorie goals. The boxer diet advises preparing snacks in advance for convenience.
11. Common Mistakes in the Boxer Diet
Even with a well-planned boxer diet, athletes can make mistakes that hinder their performance and progress. Recognizing and avoiding these pitfalls is crucial for success.
Neglecting Macronutrient Balance
Focusing too much on one macronutrient while neglecting others can lead to imbalances. The boxer diet emphasizes a balanced intake of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Overemphasizing Protein
While protein is important for muscle repair, excessive intake can strain the kidneys and lead to dehydration. The boxer diet recommends moderate protein consumption aligned with individual needs.
Insufficient Carbohydrates
Reducing carbohydrate intake too much can lead to decreased energy levels and impaired performance. The boxers diet ensures adequate carbohydrate consumption to fuel training.
Ignoring Hydration
Failing to maintain proper hydration can severely impact performance and recovery. The boxer diet prioritizes consistent fluid intake throughout the day.
Not Replenishing Electrolytes
Boxers often lose electrolytes through sweat, and neglecting to replenish them can lead to muscle cramps and fatigue. The boxers diet includes electrolyte-rich foods and beverages.
Skipping Meals
Skipping meals can lead to energy deficits and hinder muscle recovery. The boxer diet encourages regular meal consumption to maintain energy levels and support training.
Impact on Metabolism
Irregular eating patterns can disrupt metabolism, making weight management more challenging. The boxer diet promotes consistent meal times to support metabolic health.
Overreliance on Supplements
While supplements can be beneficial, relying on them instead of whole foods can lead to nutrient deficiencies. The boxer diet emphasizes obtaining nutrients primarily from a balanced diet.
Choosing Unnecessary Supplements
Not all supplements are needed for every boxer. The boxer diet advises assessing individual needs before adding supplements to the regimen.
Inadequate Sleep and Recovery
Nutrition is only part of the equation. Adequate sleep and recovery are essential for maximizing the benefits of the boxer diet and training efforts.
Impact on Nutrient Absorption
Lack of sleep can affect how the body processes and utilizes nutrients from the boxer diet, leading to decreased performance and recovery.
12. Sample Meal Plans for Boxers
To provide practical guidance, the boxer diet includes sample meal plans tailored to different training days and weight goals.
Sample Meal Plan for Training Days
Meal | Food | Description |
---|---|---|
Breakfast | Oatmeal with Berries and Almonds | Provides complex carbs and healthy fats to start the day. |
Mid-Morning Snack | Greek Yogurt with Honey | High in protein to support muscle repair. |
Lunch | Grilled Chicken Salad with Quinoa | Balanced meal with protein, carbs, and vegetables. |
Afternoon Snack | Apple Slices with Peanut Butter | Provides quick energy and healthy fats. |
Dinner | Salmon with Sweet Potatoes and Broccoli | Rich in omega-3s and complex carbs for recovery. |
Evening Snack | Protein Smoothie | Aids in overnight muscle repair. |
Sample Meal Plan for Cutting Weight
Meal | Food | Description |
---|---|---|
Breakfast | Egg White Omelette with Spinach | Low in calories, high in protein. |
Mid-Morning Snack | Cottage Cheese with Pineapple | Provides protein and a touch of sweetness. |
Lunch | Turkey Breast Wrap with Whole Grain Tortilla | Lean protein with fiber-rich carbs. |
Afternoon Snack | Carrot and Celery Sticks with Hummus | Low-calorie, nutrient-dense snack. |
Dinner | Grilled Shrimp with Zucchini Noodles | High protein, low-carb meal. |
Evening Snack | Herbal Tea with a Small Handful of Almonds | Helps in satiety without adding many calories. |
Sample Meal Plan for Bulking Up
Meal | Food | Description |
---|---|---|
Breakfast | Pancakes with Protein Powder and Maple Syrup | High in carbohydrates and protein for energy and muscle growth. |
Mid-Morning Snack | Banana with Peanut Butter and Protein Shake | Combines carbs, fats, and protein for sustained energy. |
Lunch | Beef Stir-Fry with Brown Rice and Mixed Vegetables | Rich in protein and complex carbs to support muscle growth. |
Afternoon Snack | Trail Mix with Nuts, Dried Fruits, and Dark Chocolate | High-calorie snack to increase caloric intake. |
Dinner | Spaghetti with Meatballs and Marinara Sauce | High in carbohydrates and protein for muscle recovery. |
Evening Snack | Casein Protein Shake with Milk | Slow-digesting protein to support overnight muscle repair. |
13. Testimonials from Professional Boxers
Hearing from those who have successfully implemented the boxers diet can provide valuable insights and motivation.
John “The Hammer” Smith
“Adopting the boxer diet transformed my training and performance. The balanced meals gave me the energy to train longer and recover faster after each session.”
Maria “Lightning” Gonzalez
“Maintaining my weight class was always a challenge until I started following the boxers diet. The meal planning and portion control strategies helped me stay on track without sacrificing strength.”
Alex “The Titan” Johnson
“The emphasis on hydration and electrolyte balance in the boxer diet made a significant difference in my endurance during matches. I felt less fatigued and more focused.”
Sophia “The Panther” Lee
“Incorporating superfoods into my boxers diet not only improved my performance but also boosted my overall health. I feel stronger and more resilient.”
14. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
The boxers diet addresses common questions and concerns that boxers may have about nutrition and performance.
1. How many meals should a boxer eat each day?
Most boxers benefit from eating 5-6 smaller meals throughout the day to maintain energy levels and support muscle recovery.
2. Can a boxer follow a vegetarian or vegan diet?
Yes, with proper planning, a boxer can follow a vegetarian or vegan diet by incorporating plant-based protein sources like beans, lentils, tofu, and quinoa.
3. Are supplements necessary for a boxer?
Supplements can be beneficial but are not always necessary. It’s best to consult with a nutritionist to determine if supplements are needed based on individual dietary intake and training demands.
4. How important is meal timing in the boxer diet?
Meal timing is crucial for optimizing energy levels, enhancing performance, and ensuring proper recovery. Consuming the right nutrients at strategic times supports training and overall performance.
5. How can a boxer manage cravings while following the diet?
Incorporating healthy snacks, ensuring balanced meals, and staying hydrated can help manage cravings. Additionally, allowing occasional treats in moderation can prevent feelings of deprivation.
6. Is it okay to have cheat meals?
Occasional cheat meals can be incorporated into the boxer diet without derailing progress, as long as they are consumed in moderation and balanced with healthy eating habits.
7. How does the boxer diet differ from other athletic diets?
The boxers diet is specifically tailored to meet the unique demands of boxing, focusing on weight management, endurance, and recovery. It emphasizes a balance of macronutrients and strategic meal timing to support intense training and competition.
8. Can hydration levels affect weight classes?
Yes, proper hydration is essential for maintaining weight class without compromising performance. Dehydration can lead to rapid weight loss but may negatively impact strength, endurance, and overall health.
9. How to adjust the boxer diet during off-season?
During the off-season, the boxer diet can be adjusted to focus more on muscle gain and maintenance, with increased caloric intake and protein consumption to support muscle growth.
10. What are the best sources of protein for boxers?
High-quality protein sources include lean meats like chicken and turkey, fish, eggs, dairy products, and plant-based options like beans, lentils, tofu, and quinoa.
References
- American Nutrition Association
- Sports Nutrition Hub
- Healthline
- WebMD
- Men’s Health
- Bodybuilding.com
- National Center for Biotechnology Information